Mavuto azachuma a 1970s adatha kufikira nthawi yotsika mtengo yotsika mtengo ndikuchita nawo mpikisano kuti akwere mafuta anyani. Ndi mtengo wa mbiya yamafuta osaneneka pawiri, zina mwazomwe zimabowola kwambiri ndikuchotsa njira zomwe zatsegulidwa zikuyamba kudziwika, ngakhale ndiokwera mtengo. Malinga ndi miyezo yamasiku ano, nsanja zam'madzi zoyambira nthawi zambiri zimapanga mavoliyumu otsika - mozungulira mimbulu pafupifupi 10,000 patsiku (BPD). Tilinso ndi Thunderharse PDQ, kubowola, kupanga, ndi gawo lamoyo lomwe lingatulutse migolo 250,000 ya mafuta patsiku. Chigawo chachikulu choterechi, chiwerengero cha chivundi cha m'magazi monga ochulukirapo 12,000, ambiri aiwo ndiMakunja a mpira. Nkhaniyi ikunena za mavesi angapo odula omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo apamwamba nsanja zam'mapiri.
Kupanga kwa mafuta ndi ma gasi kumafunanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida zothandizira zomwe sizimachita mwachindunji ma hydrocarbons, koma zimangopereka chithandizo choyenera panjira. Zida zothandiza zimaphatikizapo dongosolo lamadzi okwera m'madzi (kusinthana kutentha, jakisoni, kumenya moto, etc.), madzi otentha ndi makina ozizira amadzima madzi. Kaya ndi njira yokhayo kapena zida zothandizira, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito gawo. Ntchito zawo zazikulu zimagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: Zida zodzipatula komanso zowongolera (kuwongolera). Pansipa, tikambirana momwe mavuvu ogwiritsira ntchito ma jini omwe amapezeka m'madzi osiyanasiyana omwe amapanga nsanja zofananira.
Kulemera kuphatikizidwanso kwa nsanja zam'maso. Kilogalamu iliyonse ya zida papulatifomu imafunikira kutumizidwa kumalo odutsa nyanja ndi nyanja, ndipo imayenera kusungidwa m'mphepete mwa nyanjayo. Molingana, mavuvu ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri papulatifomu chifukwa ndi yaying'ono ndipo amakhala ndi ntchito zambiri. Zachidziwikire, pali rowing kwambiri (lathyathyathyaMavesi pachipata) Mavavuwo (monga mavavu a nyemba), koma poganizira zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga mtengo, kunenepa, kupsinjika, kupanikizika ndi kutentha nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosankha koyenera kwambiri.
Mwachidziwikire,Makunja a mpirasikuti amangokhala okhwima pang'ono, komanso ali ndi kutalika kocheperako (ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazitali). Valove valavu imakhalanso ndi mwayi wopereka doko pakati pa mipando iwiri, kotero kukhalapo kwa kutayikira kwamkati kumatha kukonzedwa. Ubwinowu ndi wothandiza pa mavavu otsekera mwadzidzidzi (ESDV) chifukwa makope awo akusindikiza akuyenera kusamitsidwa pafupipafupi.
Mafuta a mafuta nthawi zambiri amakhala osakaniza mafuta ndi gasi, ndipo nthawi zina madzi. Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa moyo wa mibadwo wabwino, madzi amapukutidwa ngati chinthu chopanga mafuta. Kuti zinthu zosakanikirazi - komanso zamtundu wina zamadzimadzi - chinthu choyamba kuti mudziwe ngati pali zodetsa zilizonse, monga kaboni dayokide, ndi tinthu tokhazikika (mchenga kapena zinyalala). Ngati tinthu tating'ono takhalapo, mpando ndi mpira zimayenera kuphimbidwa ndi chitsulo kuti mupewe kuvala kwambiri. Onse a CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) ndi H2S (Hydrogen Sulfide) amayambitsa malo okhala, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa kuwononga korosion ndi acid. Dongosolo lokoma nthawi zambiri limayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe a chinthucho. Zotsatira za acid acid Mitundu yonseyi ya chilengedwe imatha kukhala yoletsedwa ndi kusankha zinthu zoyenera ndi jakisoni wovomerezeka. Nace wapanga miyezo yapadera ya asidi ku Trussion: "Mr0175 pakupanga mafuta ndi mafuta, zida zoti mugwiritse ntchito ma sulufur ndi masisi." Zipangizo za valavu nthawi zambiri zimatsatira muyeso uwu. Kuti mukwaniritse izi, zinthu ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zingapo, monga kuuma, kuti mukhale oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito m'malo a acidic.
Ma valves ambiri a mpira oyambira amapangidwa mogwirizana ndi API 6D. Makampani a mafuta ndi gasi nthawi zambiri amafunikanso zowonjezera pamwamba pa muyeso uwu, nthawi zambiri poika zinthu zina pazinthu kapena zomwe zimafunikira kuyezetsa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ogwiritsa ntchito a S-562 adayambitsa ndi gulu la anthu padziko lonse lapansi la mafuta ndi mafuta (igp). The S-562-API 6D ya mpira valavu imapangidwa ndi makampani angapo akuluakulu a mafuta ndi gasi kuti agwirizane ndi kutsitsa zofunikira zosiyanasiyana ziyenera kutsatira. Mosakayikira, izi zimachepetsa mtengo ndi nthawi yofupikira.
Madzi am'nyanja amakhala ndi maudindo osiyanasiyana pa nsanja zokumba, kuphatikizapo kuwombera kwamoto, kusefukira kwamadzi, kusinthitsa kutentha kwa kutentha, madzi othamanga, ndi chakudya chakumwa. Mapaipi akunyamula madzi am'nyanja nthawi zambiri amakhala akulu ndi otsika popanikizika - valavu ya gulugufe ndioyenera kwambiri kugwirira ntchito. Mavalo a Gulugufe amatsatira mfundo za API 609 ndipo amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu itatu: gwiritsani ntchito, gwiritsani ntchito screcentric ndi katatu. Chifukwa cha mtengo wotsika, mavesi a gulu lankhondo la Lugi kapena mapangidwe ambiri amafala kwambiri. Kukula kwa mavuvu otere ndi kochepa kwambiri, ndipo poikidwa pa mapaipi, sikuyenera kukhala yogwirizana molondola, apo ayi kusokonezeka molondola magwiridwe ake. Ngati kusinthika kwa chivundikiro sikolondola, kungalepheretse kugwira ntchito kwa valavu, ndipo mwina angapangitse valavu kuti isagwire ntchito. Mikhalidwe ina ingafune kugwiritsa ntchito ma valler eccentric awiri kapena atatu; Mtengo wa valavu yokha ndi yapamwamba, koma yotsika kwambiri kuposa mtengo wogwirizanitsa pokhazikitsa.
Post Nthawi: Jun-28-2024