Vuto lamphamvu lazaka za m'ma 1970 lidathetsa nthawi yamafuta otsika mtengo ndipo adayambitsa mpikisano wobowola mafuta akunyanja.Ndi mtengo wa mbiya yamafuta osakanizidwa pawiri, njira zina zotsogola zotsogola ndi kuchira zikuyamba kuzindikirika, ngakhale zili zodula.Malinga ndi miyezo yamasiku ano, nsanja zoyambira zam'mphepete mwa nyanja nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika - pafupifupi migolo 10,000 patsiku (BPD).Tili ndi ThunderHorse PDQ, pobowola, kupanga, ndi gawo lamoyo lomwe limatha kupanga mpaka migolo ya 250,000 yamafuta ndi 200 miliyoni cubic feet (Mmcf) ya gasi patsiku.Kupanga kwakukulu kotereku, kuchuluka kwa mavavu amanja ochulukirapo ngati 12,000, ambiri aiwo ndima valve a mpira.Nkhaniyi ifotokoza za mitundu ingapo ya ma valve odulidwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumtunda kwa nsanja zakunyanja.
Kupanga mafuta ndi gasi kumafunanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida zothandizira zomwe sizimayendetsa mwachindunji ma hydrocarbons, koma zimangopereka chithandizo choyenera panjirayo.Zida zothandizira zimaphatikizapo njira yonyamulira madzi a m'nyanja (kusinthanitsa kutentha, jekeseni, kumenyana ndi moto, etc.), madzi otentha ndi njira yogawa madzi ozizira.Kaya ndi ndondomeko yokha kapena zipangizo zothandizira, ndizofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito valve yogawa.Ntchito zawo zazikulu zimagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: kudzipatula kwa zida ndi kuwongolera njira (pa-off).Pansipa, tisanthula momwe ma valve ogwirira ntchito amayendera mozungulira mizere yobweretsera yamadzi ambiri wamba pamapulatifomu opanga kunyanja.
Kulemera kwa zida ndikofunikiranso pamapulatifomu akunyanja.Kilogalamu iliyonse ya zida zomwe zili papulatifomu zimayenera kutumizidwa kumalowo kudutsa nyanja ndi nyanja zamchere, ndipo ziyenera kusamalidwa nthawi yonse ya moyo wake.Chifukwa chake, ma valve a mpira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri papulatifomu chifukwa ndi ophatikizika komanso amakhala ndi ntchito zambiri.Zachidziwikire, pali zolimba (zosalalama valve pachipata) kapena ma valve opepuka (monga ma valve a butterfly), koma poganizira zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga mtengo, kulemera, kupanikizika ndi kutentha, ma valve a mpira nthawi zambiri amakhala abwino kwambiri.
Mwachiwonekere,ma valve a mpirasizongopepuka, komanso zimakhala ndi miyeso yaying'ono yautali (ndipo nthawi zambiri miyeso ya m'lifupi).Valve ya mpira imakhalanso ndi mwayi wopereka doko lotulutsira pakati pa mipando iwiri, kotero kukhalapo kwa kutulutsa kwamkati kumatha kuwonedwa.Ubwinowu ndiwothandiza pa ma valve otseka mwadzidzidzi (ESDV) chifukwa ntchito yawo yosindikiza imayenera kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi.
Madzi ochokera pachitsime chamafuta nthawi zambiri amakhala osakaniza mafuta ndi gasi, ndipo nthawi zina madzi.Nthawi zambiri, moyo wa chitsime ukakhala ukukalamba, madzi amapopedwa ngati njira yopangira mafuta.Zosakaniza zotere - komanso zamadzimadzi amitundu ina - chinthu choyamba kudziwa ngati pali zonyansa zilizonse, monga carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, ndi tinthu tolimba (mchenga kapena zinyalala zowononga, etc.).Ngati tinthu tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono, mpando ndi mpira ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi chitsulo kuti zisawonongeke kwambiri.Zonse ziwiri za CO2 (carbon dioxide) ndi H2S (hydrogen sulfide) zimabweretsa madera owononga, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa dzimbiri lotsekemera komanso dzimbiri la asidi.Kutsekemera kokoma kumayambitsa kutayika kofanana kwa chigawocho.Zotsatira za dzimbiri asidi ndi owopsa kwambiri, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa zinthu embrittlement, kuchititsa zida kulephera.Mitundu yonse iwiri ya dzimbiri nthawi zambiri imatha kuletsedwa posankha zida zoyenera komanso kubaya ma inhibitors ofunikira.NACE yapanga miyeso yokhazikika ya kutu kwa asidi: "MR0175 yamakampani amafuta ndi gasi, zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo okhala ndi sulfure popanga mafuta ndi gasi."Zida zama valve nthawi zambiri zimatsata mulingo uwu.Kuti mukwaniritse izi, zinthuzo ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zingapo, monga kuuma, kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo okhala acidic.
Ma valve ambiri a mpira opangira kunyanja amapangidwa motsatira miyezo ya API 6D.Makampani amafuta ndi gasi nthawi zambiri amaika zofunikira zowonjezera pamwamba pa mulingo uwu, nthawi zambiri poika zinthu zina zowonjezera pazida kapena kufuna kuyesedwa kolimba kwambiri.Mwachitsanzo, muyezo wa S-562 woyambitsidwa ndi International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (IOGP).S-562-API 6D Ball Valve Standard Supplement idapangidwa ndi makampani angapo akuluakulu amafuta ndi gasi kuti aphatikize ndikuwongolera zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zomwe opanga amayenera kutsatira.Mwachiyembekezo, izi zidzachepetsa ndalama ndikufupikitsa nthawi yotsogolera.
Madzi a m'nyanja ali ndi maudindo osiyanasiyana pamapulatifomu obowola, kuphatikiza kuzimitsa moto, kusefukira kwamadzi, kusinthanitsa kutentha, madzi am'mafakitale, ndi chakudya chamadzi akumwa.Mapaipi onyamula madzi a m'nyanja nthawi zambiri amakhala akulu m'mimba mwake komanso ocheperako - vavu yagulugufe ndi yoyenera momwe amagwirira ntchito.Mavavu agulugufe amatsatira miyezo ya API 609 ndipo akhoza kugawidwa m'mitundu itatu: concentric, double eccentric ndi triple eccentric.Chifukwa cha kutsika mtengo, mavavu agulugufe omwe ali ndi zikwama kapena zotchingira ndizofala kwambiri.Kukula kwake kwa ma valve oterowo ndi ochepa kwambiri, ndipo ikayikidwa pa payipi, iyenera kulumikizidwa molondola, apo ayi zidzakhudza ntchito ya valve.Ngati kuyanjanitsa kwa flange sikuli kolondola, kungalepheretse kugwira ntchito kwa valve, ndipo kungapangitse kuti valavu isagwire ntchito.Zinthu zina zingafunike kugwiritsa ntchito ma valve agulugufe amitundu iwiri kapena katatu;Mtengo wa valve wokhawokha ndi wapamwamba, koma udakali wotsika kuposa mtengo wa ndondomeko yeniyeni panthawi ya kukhazikitsa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-28-2024